Real photo postcards depicting Indigenous peoples of Argentina in the early twentieth century document communities identified in captions as Indios del Chaco alongside additional references to southern regions including Tierra del Fuego. Produced during a period of intensified state expansion and consolidation, these images record Indigenous individuals and groups at.....

Guatemala photo archive, dated 1938, documenting Indigenous Guatemalan dress, labor, market exchange, ceremonial space, village life, and ancient Mesoamerican ruins. The collection preserves a broad visual record of Indigenous daily life in Guatemala during the early twentieth century, when Maya and other Indigenous communities remained central to agricultural production, transportation.....

Indigenous peoples of Africa photo archive, circa 1920s-1930s, recording Shilluk, Sudanese, Congolese, Nile, and Victoria Falls subjects within the colonial-era climate of expeditionary travel and anthropology. The captions identify locations and peoples across a wide geographic range, including “Shilluks of the Nile, Sudan, Africa,” “Pygmies Congo,” “Natives White Nile,” and.....

Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology bulletins, 1939 and 1956, document the federal research system through which Indigenous archaeology, language, physical anthropology, and ethnology were collected, classified, and circulated by the Smithsonian in the twentieth century. The Bureau of American Ethnology’s Bulletin series was a government-published scholarly vehicle for documentation.....

[Indigenous] [Linguistics] [Anthropology] Tozzer, Alfred Marston. A Comparative Study of the Mayas and the Lacandones (1907) and A Maya Grammar (1921), two early twentieth-century works that document Indigenous Maya language and lifeways while illustrating the methodological and ideological frameworks of U.S. anthropology in Mesoamerica. Produced through fieldwork conducted between 1902.....

[Mexico] [Anthropology] Hinton, Thomas B., A Survey of Indian Assimilation in Eastern Sonora. Tucson: University of Arizona. No. 4, 1959. Black and white illustrations. 4to. 31 pages. Staple bound wrappers. The purpose of this bound research paper is to survey eastern Sonora in attempt to determine what remains of the.....

New Guinea photo archive, group of 22 photographs dating to the early twentieth century, documenting Indigenous communities and the colonial environments imposed around them. The material captures village life, family groups, communal activity, and built spaces associated with missionary and administrative expansion, providing direct visual evidence of how Indigenous people.....

Archive of photographs documenting the Panama Canal and Indigenous communities in Panama in the early twentieth century, ranging from the industrial landscape of the canal's construction and operation to the daily lives of Indigenous Panamanian peoples. The photographs reflect two intertwined yet often contrasting aspects of Panamanian history: the rise.....

Papua New Guinea Photo Archive of 33 original silver gelatin photographs taken in Papua New Guinea circa 1944–1945, as dated in pencil on several versos. The images document traditional village life among Indigenous New Guineans, many shown in ceremonial attire, performing subsistence labor, or posed outside grass-thatched huts. Several photos.....

Peru photograph archive, a compact mid twentieth-century archive depicting Indigenous life, local dress, rural architecture, and regional travel imagery across Peru. Though the individual photographers are largely unidentified, the archive brings together commercially issued postcard photographs, a real photo with contemporary inscription, and a later press image, offering a layered.....

Vietnam photographs of Indigenous highland communities, urban street life, and Western contact, likely made in the 1950s or early 1960s, before the large-scale arrival of American combat troops in 1965. The group belongs most plausibly to the early U.S. advisory period, when American personnel were present in Vietnam from 1950.....