Napoleonic Europe Church State Conflict Papal Excommunication Issued by Pope Pius VII Against the Annexation of Rome 1809
Pius VII, Pope. Writ of Excommunication of the Authors, Executors, and Instigators of the Usurpation of Rome, and of the States belonging to the Holy See, issued in 1809 during the conflict between the Papacy and the French Empire following Napoleon Bonaparte’s seizure of the Papal States. The document records.....