Unidentified police photographers, mugshot photograph archive, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, circa 1950s to 1960s, documenting law enforcement identification practices applied to African American men in an urban mid-twentieth-century context. The material documents criminal identification systems through standardized booking photography, revealing how individuals were processed, recorded, and categorized by police authorities, and providing.....

Unknown photographer, group of prison labor photographs, circa 1940s, documenting the use of incarcerated African American men in organized manual labor within the mid-twentieth-century United States penal system. The material documents the system of carceral labor through visual evidence of supervised work assignments, revealing how incarcerated individuals were deployed in.....

the pan-African political party, the African People's Socialist Party made the decision to create the African National Prison Organization (ANPO) in an effort to forge a unity with Black independence movements, and prison forces to greater achieve solidarity towards self-determination, anti-imperialism/colonialism and political independence for the greater pan-African movement and.....